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Укажите роль и уровень — система покажет путь развития, навыки и gap-анализ.

Путь развития

Junior

0-2 years

Текущий

Ответственность: Writing ETL scripts (Python/SQL). Working with Airflow DAGs. Loading data into warehouse. Monitoring pipelines. SQL queries for analysts.

Ключевые навыки:

Apache Airflow Нужно
Apache Cassandra Нужно
Apache Spark Нужно
Backup & Disaster Recovery Нужно
ClickHouse Нужно
Dagster / Prefect Нужно
Data Catalog Нужно
Data Contracts Нужно
Data Lineage Нужно
Data Quality Нужно
Data Warehouse Design Нужно
dbt Нужно
Delta Lake / Apache Iceberg Нужно
Pandas / Polars Нужно
PostgreSQL Нужно
SQL-based ETL Нужно
Stream Processing Нужно
Data Lake Architecture Нужно
Database Indexing Нужно
Database Migrations Нужно
Query Optimization Нужно
Network Fundamentals Нужно
Data Modeling & Schema Design Нужно
Replication & High Availability Нужно

Middle

2-5 years

Следующий

Ответственность: Designing data pipelines. Working with Spark/Flink. Optimizing SQL queries on large datasets. Data quality checks. Working with data warehouse.

Ключевые навыки:

Apache Airflow Нужно
Apache Cassandra Нужно
Apache Spark Нужно
Backup & Disaster Recovery Нужно
ClickHouse Нужно
Dagster / Prefect Нужно
Data Catalog Нужно
Data Contracts Нужно
Data Lineage Нужно
Data Quality Нужно
Data Warehouse Design Нужно
dbt Нужно
Delta Lake / Apache Iceberg Нужно
Pandas / Polars Нужно
PostgreSQL Нужно
Prometheus & Grafana Нужно
SQL-based ETL Нужно
Stream Processing Нужно
Data Lake Architecture Нужно
Database Indexing Нужно
Database Migrations Нужно
Query Optimization Нужно
Network Fundamentals Нужно
Data Modeling & Schema Design Нужно
Replication & High Availability Нужно

Senior

5-8 years

Ответственность: Data platform architecture. Designing data lake/lakehouse. Storage cost optimization. Designing real-time pipelines. Mentoring.

Ключевые навыки:

Apache Airflow Нужно
Apache Cassandra Нужно
Apache Kafka Нужно
Apache Spark Нужно
AWS Нужно
Backup & Disaster Recovery Нужно
ClickHouse Нужно
Code Review Нужно
Dagster / Prefect Нужно
Data Catalog Нужно
Data Contracts Нужно
Data Lineage Нужно
Data Quality Нужно
Data Warehouse Design Нужно
dbt Нужно
Delta Lake / Apache Iceberg Нужно
Docker Нужно
Elasticsearch / OpenSearch Нужно
Git Advanced Нужно
GitHub Actions / GitLab CI Нужно
GitHub Copilot Нужно
gRPC & Protocol Buffers Нужно
Kubernetes Core Нужно
Pandas / Polars Нужно
PostgreSQL Нужно
Prometheus & Grafana Нужно
Python Web Frameworks Нужно
Redis Нужно
REST API Design Нужно
S3 / Object Storage Нужно
SQL-based ETL Нужно
Stream Processing Нужно
Task Queues Нужно
Terraform Нужно
Algorithms & Complexity Нужно
Data Lake Architecture Нужно
Async Programming Нужно
Database Indexing Нужно
Code Quality & Refactoring Нужно
Database Migrations Нужно
Query Optimization Нужно
Network Fundamentals Нужно
OOP & SOLID Principles Нужно
Data Modeling & Schema Design Нужно
Replication & High Availability Нужно
Structured Logging Нужно
Data Structures Нужно

Lead / Staff

7-12 years

Ответственность: Data platform strategy. DataOps practices. Governance and lineage. Coordination with ML and Analytics. Data quality standards.

Ключевые навыки:

Apache Airflow Нужно
Apache Cassandra Нужно
Apache Kafka Нужно
Apache Spark Нужно
AWS Нужно
Backup & Disaster Recovery Нужно
ClickHouse Нужно
Code Review Нужно
Dagster / Prefect Нужно
Data Catalog Нужно
Data Contracts Нужно
Data Lineage Нужно
Data Quality Нужно
Data Warehouse Design Нужно
dbt Нужно
Delta Lake / Apache Iceberg Нужно
Docker Нужно
Elasticsearch / OpenSearch Нужно
Git Advanced Нужно
GitHub Actions / GitLab CI Нужно
GitHub Copilot Нужно
gRPC & Protocol Buffers Нужно
Kubernetes Core Нужно
Pandas / Polars Нужно
PostgreSQL Нужно
Python Web Frameworks Нужно
Redis Нужно
REST API Design Нужно
S3 / Object Storage Нужно
SQL-based ETL Нужно
Stream Processing Нужно
Task Queues Нужно
Terraform Нужно
Algorithms & Complexity Нужно
Data Lake Architecture Нужно
Async Programming Нужно
Database Indexing Нужно
Code Quality & Refactoring Нужно
Database Migrations Нужно
Query Optimization Нужно
OOP & SOLID Principles Нужно
Data Modeling & Schema Design Нужно
Replication & High Availability Нужно
Structured Logging Нужно
Data Structures Нужно

Principal

10+ years

Ответственность: Enterprise data strategy. Multi-cloud data architecture. Data mesh. Cost optimization at scale. Vendor evaluation.

Ключевые навыки:

Apache Airflow Нужно
Apache Cassandra Нужно
Apache Kafka Нужно
Apache Spark Нужно
AWS Нужно
Backup & Disaster Recovery Нужно
ClickHouse Нужно
Code Review Нужно
Dagster / Prefect Нужно
Data Catalog Нужно
Data Contracts Нужно
Data Lineage Нужно
Data Quality Нужно
Data Warehouse Design Нужно
dbt Нужно
Delta Lake / Apache Iceberg Нужно
Docker Нужно
Elasticsearch / OpenSearch Нужно
Git Advanced Нужно
GitHub Actions / GitLab CI Нужно
GitHub Copilot Нужно
gRPC & Protocol Buffers Нужно
Kubernetes Core Нужно
Pandas / Polars Нужно
PostgreSQL Нужно
Python Web Frameworks Нужно
Redis Нужно
REST API Design Нужно
S3 / Object Storage Нужно
SQL-based ETL Нужно
Stream Processing Нужно
Task Queues Нужно
Terraform Нужно
Algorithms & Complexity Нужно
Data Lake Architecture Нужно
Async Programming Нужно
Database Indexing Нужно
Code Quality & Refactoring Нужно
Database Migrations Нужно
Query Optimization Нужно
OOP & SOLID Principles Нужно
Data Modeling & Schema Design Нужно
Replication & High Availability Нужно
Structured Logging Нужно
Data Structures Нужно

Gap-анализ: навыки для развития

Для перехода на следующий уровень необходимо развить:

Apache Airflow

Designs Airflow DAGs: dynamic task generation, XCom for data passing, TaskGroups for organization. Uses sensors, hooks for external system integration. Configures connections and variables.

Apache Cassandra

Designs Cassandra data models optimized for query-driven access patterns. Implements efficient batch operations and manages TTL-based data lifecycle. Tunes read/write consistency levels to balance latency and durability.

Apache Spark

Independently implements Spark data pipelines: optimizes shuffle operations and partitioning strategies, implements Structured Streaming for real-time ETL, manages Delta Lake tables with ACID transactions. Tunes Spark configurations for memory, parallelism, and cost efficiency.

Backup & Disaster Recovery

Configures backup for data pipeline artifacts: intermediate data versioning in S3, point-in-time recovery in PostgreSQL. Implements rollback mechanisms for ETL processes.

ClickHouse

Designs ClickHouse tables for analytical pipelines: engine selection (MergeTree, AggregatingMergeTree, ReplacingMergeTree), partitioning by date, materialized views for pre-aggregation. Optimizes insertion through batch inserts.

Dagster / Prefect

Independently implements data pipelines with Dagster/Prefect. Optimizes performance. Ensures data quality.

Data Catalog

Configures data catalog: integration with metadata sources (Hive, Glue, dbt), automated harvesting. Creates business glossary. Tags data for classification (PII, financial).

Data Contracts

Creates data contracts: YAML/JSON schema definitions, quality checks, SLA metrics. Integrates contract validation into CI/CD. Configures alerting on contract violations.

Data Lineage

Configures automated lineage collection: Airflow/dbt/Spark integration with lineage system. Uses lineage for debugging data quality issues. Visualizes dependencies in DataHub/OpenMetadata.

Data Quality

Configures data quality framework: Great Expectations/Soda for automated checks, custom expectations, alerting on failures. Monitors data freshness and volume anomalies.

Data Warehouse Design

Designs DWH components: dimensional modeling per Kimball, SCD Types (1, 2, 3), aggregate tables. Configures incremental loading. Optimizes performance through distribution keys and sort keys.

dbt

Designs dbt project: custom macros, incremental models, snapshots for SCD Type 2. Configures environments (dev/staging/prod). Optimizes models through materialization selection.

Delta Lake / Apache Iceberg

Independently implements data pipelines with Delta Lake/Apache Iceberg. Optimizes performance. Ensures data quality.

Pandas / Polars

Optimizes processing through pandas/Polars: chunked reading for large files, category dtype for memory, vectorized operations instead of iterrows. Migrates to Polars for performance-critical tasks.

PostgreSQL

Optimizes extraction from PostgreSQL: COPY for bulk export, cursor-based pagination, partitioned tables. Configures logical replication for CDC. Designs staging tables for ETL.

Prometheus & Grafana

Adds custom metrics to applications (counter, gauge, histogram). Writes PromQL queries for dashboards. Creates Grafana dashboards. Configures basic alerts (high error rate, high latency).

SQL-based ETL

Designs SQL transformations: stored procedures for complex ETL, parameterized queries, temp tables for intermediate computations. Optimizes execution plans. Manages transaction control.

Stream Processing

Builds real-time ETL pipelines with Kafka Streams for data transformation and enrichment. Implements exactly-once semantics and monitors consumer lag across processing stages.

Data Lake Architecture

Independently designs ETL pipelines across data lake zones with schema evolution support. Optimizes storage costs using lifecycle policies, compaction, and tiered storage. Implements data quality gates between medallion layers with automated validation.

Database Indexing

Designs indexing strategy for ETL sources: partial indexes for active records, covering indexes for frequent extractions. Understands read/write performance trade-offs in OLTP sources.

Database Migrations

Designs schema evolution for data pipelines: backward-compatible migrations, expand-contract for zero-downtime, versioning through Flyway/Alembic. Handles schema drift in sources.

Query Optimization

Optimizes extraction and transformation: predicate pushdown, partition pruning, choosing between JOIN and subquery. Profiles SQL queries in Airflow through query tags. Optimizes Spark SQL execution plans.

Network Fundamentals

Configures network connectivity for data infrastructure: VPC peering for cross-account access, PrivateLink for managed services, security groups for data pipeline components. Diagnoses connection issues.

Data Modeling & Schema Design

Designs dimensional models: Kimball methodology (conformed dimensions, bus matrix), Data Vault (hubs, links, satellites). Applies SCD Type 2 with effective dates. Models semi-structured data.

Replication & High Availability

Configures and manages database replication for data pipelines: sets up read replicas for ETL offloading, handles schema migrations across replicated environments, and implements change data capture (CDC). Understands consistency trade-offs and designs data flows accounting for replication lag.

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